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I need to encode and decode a complete hash tree (a value which might be a reference which might contain other references which might contain other references which...) and there is no "Encode::Tree" or "Hash::Encode" module on CPAN.

I wrote one for the job: Encode::Deep could encode and decode all kinds of nested references. It should be on CPAN right now but it isn't, because it turned out that Deep::Encode is already on CPAN, written in C and imported via XS.

It's 6 times faster than my pure-Perl version:

$ perl -MDeep::Encode -Ilib -MEncode::Deep -MBenchmark -le 'timethese(0,{DeepEncode => sub { deep_encode({ a => 1, b => ["abc", "ä"] },"iso-8859-1"); }, EncodeDeep => sub { Encode::Deep::encode("iso-8859-1", { a => 1, b => ["abc", "ä"] }); }});'Benchmark:runningDeepEncode, EncodeDeepfor at least 3 CPU seconds...
DeepEncode: 2 wallclock secs ( 3.07 usr + 0.00 sys = 3.07 CPU) @ 213954.72/s (n=656841)
EncodeDeep: 3 wallclock secs ( 3.20 usr + 0.00 sys = 3.20 CPU) @ 33071.88/s (n=105830)

The core-module "Storable" has a dclone function which could be used as a workaround:

$ perl -MDeep::Encode -Ilib -MEncode::Deep -MBenchmark -MStorable=dclone -le 'timethese(0,{DeepEncode => sub { deep_encode(dclone({ a => 1, b => ["abc", "ä"] }),"iso-8859-1"); }, EncodeDeep => sub { Encode::Deep::encode("iso-8859-1", { a => 1, b => ["abc", "ä"] }); }});'Benchmark:runningDeepEncode, EncodeDeepfor at least 3 CPU seconds...
DeepEncode: 3 wallclock secs ( 3.24 usr + 0.00 sys = 3.24 CPU) @ 92233.33/s (n=298836)
EncodeDeep: 3 wallclock secs ( 3.25 usr + 0.00 sys = 3.25 CPU) @ 35525.23/s (n=115457)

Some people love to establish circular references: A hash holding a reference to itself as a value or hidden somewhere in the nested references. They're not loved at all but happen from time to time and may be used by intend. My module could handle them but the competitor is running into a segmentation fault:

$ perl -MDeep::Encode -le '%a = (a => 1); $a{b} = \%a; Deep::Encode::deep_encode(\%a, "iso-8859-1");'Speicherzugriffsfehler (Speicherabzug geschrieben)

I'll pass the results to JSON which also badly fails on circular references (but not as badly as a segmentation fault), so the XS based Dump::Encode will be our choice for now but Encode::Deep went to CPAN anyway. Use it whenever you need to support circular references and now please start slapping me for uploading a similar function of an existing module.